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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 81(1): 164-177, Feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153334

ABSTRACT

Abstract Estuaries are used by waterbirds as foraging, resting and nesting sites, serving also as shelter for migratory birds. The dynamics of this avifauna in an aquatic environment may be associated with the differences of time of day, tide height, temperature, wind speed and use of the site by different species. This study had the objective of evaluating behavioral aspects of aquatic birds, relating the influence of environmental variables with their activities. Bird counts were performed at the mouth of two important rivers of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during two-hour intervals throughout the day in monthly samplings between June (2015) and May (2016). A total of 44 species were recorded, ten of which were migratory. The most recorded behaviors were foraging and resting. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis indicated no significant difference in behavior between the sampling intervals. The Bray-Curtis similarity test resulted in three groups: 1) - species that foraged most of the time; 2) - species that rested most of the time; and 3) - same time in both activities. The Indicator Species Analysis showed that 17 species were associated with only one microhabitat and 15 species with more than one. The Canonical Correlation Analysis indicated that only tide height, temperature and rainfall variables were correlated with the behaviors performed and only the resting activity was positively correlated with all variables. This may be associated with thermoregulation and the ability of some species to stay in midlitoral at high tide. The results demonstrate that different waterbird species used the studied areas in different ways. Thus, the heterogeneity of microhabitats in an aquatic environment of extreme importance for the coexistence and maintenance of the diversity of waterbirds.


Resumo Estuários são utilizados por aves aquáticas como locais de forrageio, descanso e nidificação, servindo, também, como pontos de parada para aves migratórias. A dinâmica dessa avifauna em um ambiente pode estar associada a diferenças entre horários do dia, altura da maré, temperatura, velocidade do vento e uso do local. Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar aspectos comportamentais de aves aquáticas, relacionando a influência de variáveis ambientais com suas atividades. Amostragens mensais foram realizadas na foz de dois importantes rios do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre junho de 2015 e maio de 2016, em intervalos de duas horas no decorrer do dia. Um total de 44 espécies foram registradas, dez das quais foram migratórias. Os comportamentos mais observados foram forrageio e descanso. A análise de Kruskall-Wallis não indicou diferenças significativas no comportamento entre os horários de amostragem. O teste de similaridade Bray-Curtis resultou em três agrupamentos: 1) - espécies que forragearam na maior parte do tempo; 2) - espécies que descansaram na maior parte do tempo; e 3) - mesma quantidade de tempo em ambas atividades. A Análise de Espécies Indicadoras mostrou que 17 espécies estiveram associadas com apenas um microhabitat e 15 espécies com mais de um. A Análise de Correlação Canônica indicou que apenas as variáveis maré, temperatura e precipitação foram significativamente correlacionadas com os comportamentos demonstrados e apenas a atividade de descanso foi positivamente correlacionada com as todas as variáveis. Isso pode estar associado com a termorregulação e com a habilidade de algumas espécies de permanecer no mediolitoral durante a maré cheia. Os resultados demonstram que diferentes espécies de aves aquáticas utilizaram as áreas estudadas de diferentes maneiras. Assim, a heterogeneidade de microhabitats em um ambiente aquático é de extrema importância para a coexistência e a manutenção da diversidade de aves.


Subject(s)
Animals , Birds , Rivers , Brazil , Estuaries
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 54(5): e10040, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153551

ABSTRACT

Although pulmonary involvement is the most common extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), traditional pulmonary function tests (PFTs) do not show a good correlation with the field tests usually performed in these patients. In recent decades, measurement of ventilation distribution heterogeneity through the nitrogen single-breath washout (N2SBW) test and evaluation of functional capacity during exercise using the Glittre activities of daily living test (GA-T) have been increasingly used. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate predictors of GA-T outcomes in women with RA considering demographic, anthropometric, clinical, functional variables, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings. Forty-three women with RA underwent the GA-T, the N2SBW test, spirometry, measurement of the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco), measurement of respiratory muscle strength, and evaluation of physical function of the lower and upper limbs through the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Chest CT scans were analyzed retrospectively. The GA-T time showed significant correlations with the DLco (rs=-0.397, P=0.008), forced vital capacity/DLco (rs=0.307, P=0.044), phase III slope of the N2SBW test (SIIIN2, rs=0.644, P<0.0001), and the HAQ-DI (rs=0.482, P=0.001). Disease extent as assessed by chest CT was associated with the GA-T time. On multiple regression analysis, the SIIIN2 and HAQ-DI were the only predictors of the GA-T time, explaining 40% of its variability. Thus, ventilation distribution heterogeneity and worse physical function substantially explain the variability in GA-T time in women with RA and varying extents of disease on chest CT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnostic imaging , Activities of Daily Living , Respiratory Function Tests , Vital Capacity , Retrospective Studies
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(5): 1705-1712, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab, graf, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131561

ABSTRACT

Seiscentos primatas neotropicais foram submetidos a exames post mortem para avaliação da prevalência parasitária de helmintos gastrointestinais. Foram examinados 556 calitriquídeos (Callithrix spp.), 23 bugios (Alouatta guariba), 19 macacos-pregos (Sapajus nigritus), um mico-leão-dourado (Leontopithecus rosalia) e um mico-leão-da-cara-dourada (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). Do total de 600 animais, foram encontrados espécimes parasitos pertencentes aos filos Acanthocephala, Nemathelmintes e Platyhelminthes (classes Trematoda e Cestoda) em 110 primatas. A prevalência de primatas positivos para, pelo menos, uma espécie de helminto foi de 18,3% (110/600), sendo destes 83,6% (92/110) calitriquídeos, 8,2% (9/110) bugios, 6,4% (7/110) macacos-pregos, 0,9% (1/110) mico-leão-dourado e 0,9% (1/110) mico-leão-da-cara dourada. Em 80,4% (74/92) dos calitriquídeos foram encontrados nematoides Primasubulura sp. e em 1,1% (1/92) nematoides Trypanoxyuris callithrix, em 26,1% (24/92) acantocéfalos (Pachysentis sp.) e em 5,4% (5/92) digenéticos (Platynosomum sp.); em 77,8% (7/9) dos bugios foram encontrados nematoides (Trypanoxyuris minutus), em 11,1% (1/9) acantocéfalos (Pachysentis sp.) e em 11,1% (1/9) cestoides (Bertiella sp.); em 14,3% (1/7) dos macacos-pregos foram encontrados nematoides (Physaloptera sp.), em 28,6% (2/7) acantocéfalos (Prostenorchis sp.) e em 14,3% (1/7) digenéticos (Platynosomum sp.) e no mico-leão-da-cara-dourada foram encontrados acantocéfalos (Prostenorchis sp.). Foi realizado o georreferenciamento dos pontos de encontro dos cadáveres para pontuar a distribuição dos helmintos por região.(AU)


Six hundred neotropical primates underwent postmortem examinations to evaluate the parasitic prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths. Fifty-five callitrichids tamarins (Callithrix spp.), 23 howlers (Alouatta guariba), 19 nail monkeys (Sapajus nigritus), a golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) and a golden-faced lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) were examined. Parasitic specimens belonging to phylums Acantocephala, Nemathelmintes and Platyhelmintes (Trematoda and Cestoda Classes) were found. The prevalence of primates positive for at least one species of helminth was 18.3% (110/600), of which 83.6% (92/110) callitrichids, 8.2% (9/110) howler monkeys, 6.4% (7/110) capuchin monkeys, 0.9% (1/110) golden lion tamarin and 0.9% (1/110) golden faced lion tamarin. In 80.4% (74/92) of callitrichids nematodes (Primasubulura sp.) were found, and in 1.1% (1/92) nematodes (Trypanoxyuris callithricis), in 26.1% (24/92) acanthocephalus (Pachysentis sp.) and 5.4% (5/92) digenetics (Platynosomum sp.); in 77.8% (7/9) of howler monkeys presented nematodes (Trypanoxyuris minutus), 11.1% (1/9) acanthocephalus (Pachysentis sp.) and 11.1% (1/9) cestoids (Bertiella sp.); in 14.3% (1/7) of capuchin monkeys presented nematodes (Physaloptera sp.), 28.6% (2/7) acanthocephalus (Prostenorchis sp.) and 14.3% (1/7) digenetics (Platynosomum sp.) and in the golden-faced lion tamarin acanthocephalus (Prostenorchis sp.) were found. Georreferencing of the meeting points of the cadavers was performed in order to punctuate the distribution of helminths by region.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Primates/parasitology , Gastrointestinal Tract/parasitology , Geographic Mapping , Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology , Helminths/isolation & purification , Platyhelminths , Brazil , Acanthocephala , Nematoda
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(2): 607-614, Mar./Apr. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1128490

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar a substituição do milho pelo sorgo grão, moído ou inteiro, e a inclusão de carotenoides sintéticos em rações de frangos de corte, sobre parâmetros zootécnicos e desenvolvimento da moela. Utilizaram-se 960 frangos, machos e fêmeas, da linhagem Cobb 500, que foram submetidos a quatro dietas: à base de milho (M), à base de sorgo moído (SM) ou ainda acrescido de carotenoides sintéticos (SMC) e à base de sorgo inteiro (SI). Foram avaliados peso vivo, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça e cortes, peso de moela. A ração de SI proporcionou maior desenvolvimento de moela, embora, aos sete dias, não tenha havido diferenças no peso vivo e na conversão alimentar entre as dietas. SM e SMC proporcionaram maiores valores de peso vivo aos 28 dias do que SI. As conversões alimentares real e tradicional aos 40 dias foram semelhantes para as rações de sorgo, com um melhor rendimento de carcaça em SM e SMC. O sorgo moído pode substituir integralmente o milho nas rações para frangos de corte, sem comprometimento de desempenho e rendimento de carcaça, e, na forma grão inteiro, é zootecnicamente viável.(AU)


This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of corn with ground or whole grain sorghum and the inclusion of carotenoids in broiler feed on zootechnical parameters and gizzard development. A total of 960 Cobb 500 broilers, half of each sex, were submitted to four feeds: ground corn (M), ground sorghum (SM) ground sorghum with carotenoid supplementation (SMC) and whole grain sorghum (SI). Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion, carcass and cuts yield, gizzard weight were evaluated. SI feed provided a greater development of gizzard, however at 7 days there were no differences in body weight and feed conversions between diets. SM and SMC provided higher values of body weight at 28 days than SI feed. Feed conversion at 40 days were the same for the sorghum feeds with a better carcass yield in SM and SMC. Ground sorghum can completely replace corn in broiler diets without compromising performance and carcass yield, and whole grain sorghum is zootecnaly viable.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Carotenoids/administration & dosage , Chickens/growth & development , Sorghum , Gizzard, Avian/growth & development , Edible Grain , Zea mays
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(1): 119-124, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1088905

ABSTRACT

This case report describes the outcome of treatment of dogs with advanced (deeply invasive) nasal planum squamous cell carcinomas with palliative or definitive radiation therapy. All dogs were diagnosed with nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma by histopathology, and their owners declined aggressive surgery. Dogs were treated with a cobalt-60 unit, definitive-intent radiation protocol consisting of 15 daily fractions (Monday-Friday) of 2.8 Gy, and palliative radiation protocol consisting of 4 fractions of 8 Gy performed once a week. Three dogs had T3 tumors and three had T4 tumors according to the WHO staging system. Two dogs had tumor complete remission and four had tumor partial remission. Survival time of dogs submitted to radiation therapy was 95-417 days. Radiation acute side effects involved only mild epilation and cutaneous erythema in palliative protocols, and moist desquamation, epilation, mild rhinitis and oral mucositis in definitive-intent RT. Radiation therapy, especially palliative protocols, can be a treatment option for nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma in dogs, when the owner declines aggressive surgery. It may contribute to partial or complete tumor remission and better patient quality of life, even at advanced stages, leading to mild side effects.(AU)


Este relato descreve seis casos de carcinoma de células escamosas de plano nasal canino tratados com radioterapia definitiva ou paliativa. Em todos os casos, o diagnóstico definitivo foi feito mediante biópsia, e os tutores declinaram da cirurgia agressiva. A radioterapia foi realizada utilizando-se um equipamento de cobalto-60, e o protocolo definitivo consistiu de 15 frações de 2,8 Gy, cinco vezes por semana (segunda a sexta), enquanto o protocolo paliativo consistiu de quatro frações de 8 Gy, uma vez por semana. Seis cães foram tratados, entre os quais três tinham tumores em estágio T3 e três em estágio T4, de acordo com a tabela TNM da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Dois animais apresentaram remissão completa do tumor após o tratamento e quatro apresentaram remissão parcial. O tempo de sobrevida variou entre 95-417 dias, sendo que dois animais ainda estão vivos e em observação. Os efeitos colaterais da radioterapia foram apenas epilação e eritema leve, no protocolo paliativo, e epilação, radiodermite úmida, rinite e mucosite oral, no protocolo definitivo. A radioterapia, especialmente no protocolo paliativo, pode ser considerada uma opção de tratamento quando os tutores declinam da cirurgia agressiva. Ela pode contribuir para remissão (parcial ou completa) do tumor e melhor qualidade de vida do paciente, mesmo nos casos avançados, levando a efeitos colaterais mínimos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Nose Neoplasms/veterinary , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/radiotherapy , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/veterinary , Palliative Care
6.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 64(2): e20200005, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137733

ABSTRACT

Abstract Eucharitid wasps are exclusive parasitoids of ants and certain groups of eucharitids have specific associations with their hosts. This type of specificity is widely documented in more inclusive groups (subfamilies and/or genus-groups). However, we do not know if this specificity occurs in less inclusive groups (such as species or populations) or if it is more strongly influenced by local and/or regional environmental constraints. We provide a new association record between Pheidole gibba Mayr, 1887 and Orasema chunpi Burks, Heraty & Dominguez, 2018, while expanding their known distribution to the Brazilian state of Bahia.

7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(5): 1551-1557, set.-out. 2019. graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1038685

ABSTRACT

As serpentes pertencem ao segundo maior grupo dentro dos répteis, podendo apresentar sazonalidade quanto à espermatogênese, com produção descontínua ou contínua. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Boa constrictor constrictor com base nos achados histológicos dos testículos nos períodos de máxima atividade (período de gametogênese) e quiescência. Os testículos de dois espécimes de Boa c. constrictor (7767 e 11752) foram cortados a uma espessura de 3µm em micrótomo, corados com azul de toluidina 1%, fotodocumentados e descritos. A presença de espermatozoides na luz do túbulo seminífero no indivíduo 7767 indica um período de máxima gametogênese, enquanto o lúmen dos túbulos seminíferos pouco evidentes, sem a presença de espermatozoides e de células gaméticas em divisão, caracteriza o indivíduo 11752 em período quiescente. Mediante os achados histológicos descritos no presente estudo, concluiu-se que Boa c. constrictor apresenta sazonalidade em relação à gametogênese, sendo esse padrão de sazonalidade associado ao período de cópulas relatado em literatura característico de serpentes com padrão pré-nupcial.(AU)


These snakes belong to the second largest group within the reptiles, being able to present seasonality regarding spermatogenesis, with discontinuous or continuous production. The present study aims to characterize Boa constrictor constrictor reproductive biology aspects from histological findings in testicles during periods of maximum activity (period of gametogenesis) and quiescence. The testicles of two specimens of Boa c. constrictor (7767 and 11752) were cut to a thickness of 3µm in microtome, stained with 1% toluidine blue, photodocumented and described. The spermatozoa presence in the seminiferous tubule lumen in individual 7767 indicates a period of maximum gametogenesis, whereas the seminiferous tubules lumen is not very evident without spermatozoa and the absence of dividing gametic cells characterizes individual 11752 in the quiescent period. Through the histological findings we concluded that Boa c. constrictor presents seasonality in relation to gametogenesis, and the pattern of reproductive seasonality observed along with the period of copulas reported in the literature resembles the pre-nuptial pattern.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Seasons , Sexual Behavior, Animal , Spermatogenesis/physiology , Boidae/growth & development , Boidae/physiology , Boidae/genetics , Gametogenesis/physiology
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(2): 425-429, mar.-abr. 2019. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1011278

ABSTRACT

O stent endovascular autoexpansível pode ser utilizado como forma de tratamento para estenose uretral em cães. O stent de nitinol é composto por uma liga de níquel e titânio que permite mudanças em suas estruturas sob a influência da temperatura corporal e tem excelente biocompatibilidade na uretra canina. Este estudo relata o caso de um cão, sem raça definida, 14 anos de idade, com histórico de disúria há duas semanas, diagnosticado com grande quantidade de cálculos e microcálculos na bexiga, no colo vesical e na uretra prostática, também cistite e hiperplasia prostática. Depois de tratamento para cistite, orquiectomia e cistotomia para retirada dos cálculos, porém sem melhora clínica após 30 dias de acompanhamento, com o paciente apresentando disúria, foi realizada uretrocistografia retrógrada, que evidenciou estenose da uretra prostática. Esse paciente foi encaminhado para procedimento de implantação de um stent de nitinol na uretra prostática. Imediatamente após o procedimento e até o presente momento, o paciente apresenta micção espontânea, sem qualquer sinal de disúria, sendo este o primeiro relato no Brasil do uso dessa técnica.(AU)


The endovascular stent is used for treatment of urethral stricture in dogs. The nitinol stent is composed by nickel and titanium alloy that allows changes in its structures under the influence of body temperature and has excellent biocompatibility in the canine urethra. This study aims to report a case of a 14 - year - old male dog without defined breed with dysuria for two weeks. Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed microcalculi and calculi in bladder, prostatic urethral obstruction and prostatic hyperplasia. Cystotomy was performed to remove uroliths, but after 30 days of hospitalization there was no clinical improvement. A double-contrast retrograde urethrocystography was performed and showed persistence of prostatic urethral obstruction. The pacient was submitted to a new surgery to place a self-expanding nitinol stent and presented spontaneous urination after the procedure. This is the first report of this technique in Brazil.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dogs , Urethral Stricture/veterinary , Dysuria/veterinary , Self Expandable Metallic Stents/veterinary
9.
Rev. mex. ing. bioméd ; 40(1): e201822, Jan.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043130

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se analizan 112 auditorías de instalaciones eléctricas y seguridad de equipos biomédicos en 78 Institutos de Medicina Altamente Especializada (IMAE) del Uruguay, realizadas a lo largo de 14 años, clasificando el nivel de riesgo y de cumplimiento de normas desde el punto de vista de Ingeniería Clínica. Cada visita incluye una encuesta al personal encargado de mantener y gestionar la infraestructura eléctrica y el equipamiento biomédico, que abarca el estado de mantenimiento, el control y la documentación de las instalaciones eléctricas y del equipamiento biomédico. Se evalúa el riesgo con un puntaje de 0 a 4. En 2004-2007 el 74% de los IMAE tenía irregularidades en la instalación eléctrica, gestión de equipamiento, control de calidad o documentación. Además, un 15% de los que tenían problemas, tenía en particular equipamiento indicado como "equipo peligroso". En los períodos siguientes esta proporción baja paulatinamente hasta 0% en 2016-2017. No obstante, continúa existiendo un déficit en la gestión del equipamiento y en la documentación formal. El aporte de la Universidad en el seguimiento técnico de los IMAE se ha materializado en una mejora en materia de seguridad.


Abstract 112 field inspections to 78 high technology medical centers (IMAE is the Spanish acronym) over 14 years are analyzed. All visits were evaluated as to Clinical Engineering good practices and were assigned a risk level. All audits included a questionaire to maintenance management personnel on electrical network operation as well as on biomedical equipment follow-up and documentation from acquisition to disposal. Risk is assigned a level 0 to 4 at each visit. In 2004-2007, 74% of IMAEs had safety problems in one or more of electrical network, maintenance management or documentation, and 15% of the IMAEs with safety problems had one piece of equipment described as simply "dangerous". Electrical safety problems were eventually reduced to 0% in 2016-2017, probably as a consequence of regular audit and counseling by this University Clinical Engineering Program.

10.
Braz. j. biol ; 78(3): 505-508, Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951572

ABSTRACT

Abstract Characterising the external morphology of mosquito eggs is important, since it facilitates the identification of material from breeding sites and contributes to the understanding of species biology and group systematics. Therefore, was to compare eggs from different Psorophora ferox populations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Eggs were obtained from adult female of Ps. ferox collected in the Poços das Antas Biological Reserve (Reserva Biológica de Poços das Antas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). From each female, one portion of eggs (n = 5) was reared for identification purposes, and the second portion (n = 10) was examined using SEM for morphometric analysis. The egg morphology was then compared to that of eggs from Ps. ferox populations in Florida (USA) and Arena (Trinidad). The exochorion ornamentation of the populations differs considerably in the morphology of the tubercles of the chorionic cells, external chorionic reticulum, micropylar collar, and micropyle.


Resumo Caracterização da morfologia externa dos ovos do mosquito é importante, uma vez que facilita a identificação de materiais a partir de locais de reprodução e contribui para a compreensão da biologia das espécies e sistemática do grupo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os ovos de diferentes populações Psorophora ferox usando MEV. Os ovos foram obtidos a partir de fêmeas de Ps. ferox que foram coletadas na Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas (Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). A partir de cada fêmea, uma parte dos ovos (n = 5) foi criado para fins de identificação, e uma segunda parte (n = 10) foi examinado usando MEV para análise morfométrica. Foi então comparada a morfologia dos ovos de populações de Ps.ferox da Flórida (EUA) e Arena (Trinidad). A ornamentação do exocório das populações difere consideravelmente na morfologia dos tubérculos das células coriônicas, retículo coriônico externo, colar micropilar e micrópila.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Ovum/ultrastructure , Culicidae/anatomy & histology , Brazil , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
11.
Braz. j. biol ; 78(4): 750-754, Nov. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951601

ABSTRACT

Abstract Forty five specimens representing nine species of reptile (Salvator merianae, Enyalius bilineatus, Amphisbaena alba, Xenopholis undulatus, Chironius fuscus, Helicops angulatus, Chironius flavolineatus, Erythrolamprus viridis and Crotalus durissus) collected in five Brazilian states were examined for helminths. Twelve helminth species were found as follow: nine Nematoda (Physaloptera tupinambae, Strongyluris oscari, Paracapillaria sp., Dracunculus brasiliensis, Physaloptera liophis, Serpentirhabias sp. 1, Serpentirhabias sp. 2, Serpentirhabias sp. 3 and Aplectana sp.), one Cestoda (Semenoviella amphisbaenia), one Trematoda (Paracotyletrema sp.), and one Acantocephala (Centrorhynchus sp.). Ten new host records and seven new locality records were reported.


Resumo Quarenta e cinco espécimes que representa nove espécies de répteis (Salvator merianae, Enyalius bilineatus, Amphisbaena alba, Xenopholis undulatus, Chironius fuscus, Helicops angulatus, Chironius flavolineatus, Erythrolamprus viridis e Crotalus durissus) coletados em cinco estados brasileiros foram examinados para helmintos. Foram encontrados doze espécies de helmintos sendo: nove Nematoda (Physaloptera tupinambae, Strongyluris oscari, Paracapillaria sp., Dracunculus brasiliensis, Physaloptera liophis, Serpentirhabias sp. 1, Serpentirhabias sp. 2, Serpentirhabias sp. 3 e Aplectana sp.), um Cestoda (Semenoviella amphisbaenia), um Trematoda (Paracotyletrema sp.) e um Acantocephala (Centrorhynchus sp.). Dez novos registros de hospedeiros e sete novos registros de localidade foram relatados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Reptiles/parasitology , Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology , Helminths/classification , Brazil
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 69(4): 877-882, jul.-ago. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-876622

ABSTRACT

The cryosurgery is a very useful therapy for the treatment of a variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic processes. Nevertheless, it is still poorly described as an option for the treatment of specific cutaneous neoplasms, such as squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the clinical response of cryosurgery for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in cats. For this 13 squamous cell carcinoma lesions were selected in 11 cats, diagnosed through citopathological and/or histopathological examinations. The lesions were frozen using liquid nitrogen spray, and the evaluations were performed in the moment of freeze and approximately every 15 days until the wound was completely healed. The response of cryosurgery was considered complete with tumoral remission on 38.5% of the cats, and partial on 46.1%. The main complications included crusting and nostril stenosis. The presented results suggested that cryosurgery is effective and may be a viable option for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in cats. The effectiveness of the therapy; however, depends on the correct selection of the candidates for cryosurgery based on the lesion size, and the attendance to some criteria, such as the freezing time and post-operative care.(AU)


A criocirurgia tem se mostrado uma terapia de grande auxílio no tratamento de uma variedade de processos neoplásicos e não neoplásicos. Apesar disso, ainda é pouco descrita a utilização da criocirurgia como opção de tratamento de neoplasias cutâneas específicas, como o carcinoma de células escamosas. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo analisar a resposta clínica da criocirurgia para o tratamento do carcinoma de células escamosas em gatos. Para isso, foram selecionadas 13 lesões do tipo carcinoma de células escamosas em 11 gatos, diagnosticadas por meio de análise citopatológica e/ou histopatológica. As lesões foram congeladas por meio de nitrogênio líquido na forma de spray, e as avaliações realizadas no momento do congelamento e aproximadamente a cada 15 dias, até a completa cicatrização da ferida. A resposta da criocirurgia foi considerada completa, com remissão tumoral em 38,5% dos gatos e parcial em 46,1% destes. As principais complicações verificadas incluíram a formação de crostas e estenose de narina. Os resultados apresentados no presente estudo sugerem que a criocirurgia é efetiva e pode ser uma opção viável para o tratamento do carcinoma de células escamosas em gatos. O sucesso do tratamento, entretanto, depende da correta seleção dos candidatos à técnica quanto ao tamanho da lesão, e do atendimento a alguns critérios, como o tempo de congelamento e os cuidados pós-operatórios.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/veterinary , Cryosurgery/veterinary , Skin Neoplasms/veterinary
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 69(4): 1039-1046, jul.-ago. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-876942

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to verify the population density and the dynamics of tillering in the Marandu palisade grass sward subjected to nitrogen (N) fertilization strategies, characterized by the N supply via urea or bacterial inoculant (Azospirillum brasilense). The treatments comprised of four nitrogen fertilization strategies: (A) Without fertilization, (B) 80 kg N/ha, (C) inoculant (A. brasilense), and (D) 80 kg N/ha + inoculant, distributed in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The nitrogen supply strategies were evaluated during six periods: October, November, and December (2012) as well as January, March, and April (2013). The nitrogen dose or inoculant had no effect on the tiller appearance rate (TAR), tiller mortality rate (TMR), tiller survival rate (TSR), or tiller population density (TPD). However, these variables were influenced by the season. The TAR and TSR were higher at the beginning of the experimental period (October) and lower towards the end of the period (March-April), whereas, TMR and TPD exhibited the opposite behavior, with lower values in October and higher from January onward. Neither the nitrogen nor the inoculant influenced the population dynamics of the tillers in Marandu palisade grass.(AU)


Objetivou-se com este estudo verificar a densidade populacional e a dinâmica do perfilhamento em dosséis de capim Marandu submetidos a estratégias de adubação nitrogenada, caracterizadas pelo fornecimento de N via ureia ou inoculante (Azospirillum brasilense). Os tratamentos foram quatro estratégias de adubação nitrogenada: sem fertilização, 80kg N/ha, inoculante (A. brasilense) e 80kg N/ha + inoculante, distribuídos em um delineamento de blocos completos ao acaso, com três repetições por tratamento. As estratégias de aporte nitrogenado foram avaliadas em seis épocas: outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2012; e janeiro, março e abril de 2013. Não foi verificada influência da dose de nitrogênio ou do inoculante sobre a taxa de aparecimento (TAP), a taxa de mortalidade (TMP), a taxa de sobrevivência (TSP) e a densidade populacional de perfilhos (DPP). No entanto, essas variáveis foram influenciadas pela época do ano. A TAP e a TSP apresentaram maiores valores no início do período experimental (outubro) e menor valor ao final do período (março a abril). A TMP e a DPP expressaram respostas opostas, com menores valores em outubro e maiores a partir de janeiro. Não houve influência do nitrogênio e do inoculante sobre a dinâmica populacional de perfilhos em capim Marandu.(AU)


Subject(s)
Azospirillum brasilense , Brachiaria , Nitrogen Fixation , Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria , Pasture
14.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(1): 287-292, Mar. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840967

ABSTRACT

The hammerhead sharks shows a head laterally expanded with eyes and nostrils on the edges, which gives the species a hammer appearance. Another strand of studies indicates that the hypothesis of head shape alterations for better adaptions in the sensorial system with the development of structures associated to binocular sight and others sensorial organs. Given the variety of characteristics, the study aim was to describe the anatomical constitution of the hammerhead shark eye bulb. The bulb and its annexes exenteration was performed, and further dissection; the morphological description of the muscle insertions and eye bulb components were based on direct observation and were further photographed and catalogued. The eye bulb fragments and its annexes were histological technical. Between the sclera and the choroid it was possible to observe, by the electronical scanning microscopy, the thin layer called supra-choroid, in this region, spaces often filled by lymphatic vessels allied to a matrix formed by loose conjunctive tissue are found. In the choroid, a layer which is rich in blood vessels, loose conjunctive tissue and collagen fibers, was observed, besides pigmentary cells full of melanin in its interior, which result in its layer's dark color. Ciliary body is a choroid's dilatation; it has the aspect of a thick ring in finger-like shape, pigmented, covering the sclera surface and containing pigmentary cells. The crystalline capsule, which shows an acellular covering that, is hyaline and homogeneous. In the electronical scanning microscopy, it was observed that the capsule is extremely thick especially in the anterior face. The capsule is very elastic, constituted mainly by thin lamellae of collagenous fibers, as illustrated by the electronically scanning microscopy. Anatomic variations related mainly to the position of the eye bulb in the skull, fibrous tunica and lens call the attention and must be related to its habitat.


El tiburón martillo tiene la cabeza lateralmente expandida con los ojos y la nariz en sus márgenes. Estudios indican que alteraciones de la forma de la cabeza de estos animales son adaptaciones que mejoran el desarrollo del sistema sensorial y estructuras asociadas a la visión binocular y otros órganos sensoriales. Dada la variedad de características, el objetivo del estudio fue describir la constitución anatómica del bulbo ocular. Se disecó el bulbo ocular junto a sus anexos. La descripción morfológica de las inserciones musculares y componentes del bulbo ocular se basaron en la observación directa, siendo éstas fotografiadas y catalogadas. Entre la esclera y la coroides se observó através de microscopía electrónica de barrido, una delgada capa supra-coroides, y vasos linfáticos junto a la matriz formada por tejidos conectivos. La coroides, era abundante en vasos sanguíneos y fibras de tejido conectivo. Se observaron escasas células pigmentarias llenas de melanina, lo que se asemeja a un anillo en forma de dedo, de manera que cubren la superficie de la esclera y células que contienen pigmentos. En la cápsula del lente, fue posible observar un recubrimiento celular, hialino y homogéneo. En la microscopía electrónica de barrido, se observó una cápsula muy gruesa, principalmente en la región frontal. La cápsula elástica,estaba constituida por láminas delgadas, principalmente, por fibras de colágeno. Se concluyó que el bulbo ocular de estos animales posee variaciones anatómicas relacionadas, principalmente, con la posición del bulbo ocular en el cráneo, túnica fibrosa y lente, lo que puede estar directamente relacionado con su hábitat.


Subject(s)
Animals , Eye/anatomy & histology , Sharks/anatomy & histology , Eye/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 69(1): 101-105, jan.-fev. 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-834122

ABSTRACT

Um canino da raça Boxer, fêmea, de oito anos de idade, foi atendido com salivação, halitose e disfagia. No exame clínico, foi observada uma massa ulcerada no terço médio da língua medindo 3,5 x 4,0cm. A histopatologia e a imuno-histoquímica levaram ao diagnóstico de um mastocitoma de alto grau. O tratamento cirúrgico (glossectomia parcial) foi declinado pelo proprietário, sendo a radioterapia indicada em seu lugar. O protocolo radioterápico empregado foi 15 frações de 300cGy, realizadas cinco vezes por semana. O equipamento utilizado foi de ortovoltagem. A lesão neoplásica apresentou remissão clínica completa a partir da quarta sessão radioterápica. O único efeito colateral observado foi mucosite leve na região irradiada, que, entretanto, não levou a sintomas clínicos. A quimioterapia sistêmica consistiu de vimblastina e lomustina, alternadas a cada 14 dias, durante quatro meses. Até o momento (22 meses após o tratamento), não há evidências de recidiva local ou metástases do mastocitoma. A associação da radioterapia e da quimioterapia pode ser considerada uma alternativa terapêutica nos casos de mastocitomas irressecáveis, já que, neste caso, levou à remissão completa e duradoura de um tumor agressivo, com ótima tolerância do paciente ao tratamento e posterior qualidade de vida.(AU)


An 8 year old female boxer was presented with salivation, halitosis and dysphagia. In the clinical examination, an ulcerated mass in the middle third of the tongue was observed, measuring 3.5 x 4.0cm. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry the confirmed diagnosis of a high-grade mast cell tumor. Surgical treatment (partial glossectomy) was declined by owner, and radiotherapy was indicated. The protocol consisted of fifteen daily fractions of 300 cGy each. The equipment used was an orthovoltage unit. The tumor had complete clinical remission after the fourth session, and mild mucositis was the only side effect observed. Systemic chemotherapy was performed with vinblastine and lomustine, alternated every 14 days, during four months. There is no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis in this patient twenty-two months after treatment. The combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy can be considered as an alternative therapy in cases of unresectable mast cell tumors. It led to complete and durable remission of an aggressive tumor, with great quality of life.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Mastocytoma/radiotherapy , Mastocytoma/veterinary , Mouth/pathology , Drug Therapy/veterinary , Mastocytoma/drug therapy , Mouth Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Mouth Neoplasms/veterinary
16.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467093

ABSTRACT

Abstract Characterising the external morphology of mosquito eggs is important, since it facilitates the identification of material from breeding sites and contributes to the understanding of species biology and group systematics. Therefore, was to compare eggs from different Psorophora ferox populations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Eggs were obtained from adult female of Ps. ferox collected in the Poços das Antas Biological Reserve (Reserva Biológica de Poços das Antas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). From each female, one portion of eggs (n = 5) was reared for identification purposes, and the second portion (n = 10) was examined using SEM for morphometric analysis. The egg morphology was then compared to that of eggs from Ps. ferox populations in Florida (USA) and Arena (Trinidad). The exochorion ornamentation of the populations differs considerably in the morphology of the tubercles of the chorionic cells, external chorionic reticulum, micropylar collar, and micropyle.


Resumo Caracterização da morfologia externa dos ovos do mosquito é importante, uma vez que facilita a identificação de materiais a partir de locais de reprodução e contribui para a compreensão da biologia das espécies e sistemática do grupo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os ovos de diferentes populações Psorophora ferox usando MEV. Os ovos foram obtidos a partir de fêmeas de Ps. ferox que foram coletadas na Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas (Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). A partir de cada fêmea, uma parte dos ovos (n = 5) foi criado para fins de identificação, e uma segunda parte (n = 10) foi examinado usando MEV para análise morfométrica. Foi então comparada a morfologia dos ovos de populações de Ps.ferox da Flórida (EUA) e Arena (Trinidad). A ornamentação do exocório das populações difere consideravelmente na morfologia dos tubérculos das células coriônicas, retículo coriônico externo, colar micropilar e micrópila.

17.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467148

ABSTRACT

Abstract Forty five specimens representing nine species of reptile (Salvator merianae, Enyalius bilineatus, Amphisbaena alba, Xenopholis undulatus, Chironius fuscus, Helicops angulatus, Chironius flavolineatus, Erythrolamprus viridis and Crotalus durissus) collected in five Brazilian states were examined for helminths. Twelve helminth species were found as follow: nine Nematoda (Physaloptera tupinambae, Strongyluris oscari, Paracapillaria sp., Dracunculus brasiliensis, Physaloptera liophis, Serpentirhabias sp. 1, Serpentirhabias sp. 2, Serpentirhabias sp. 3 and Aplectana sp.), one Cestoda (Semenoviella amphisbaenia), one Trematoda (Paracotyletrema sp.), and one Acantocephala (Centrorhynchus sp.). Ten new host records and seven new locality records were reported.


Resumo Quarenta e cinco espécimes que representa nove espécies de répteis (Salvator merianae, Enyalius bilineatus, Amphisbaena alba, Xenopholis undulatus, Chironius fuscus, Helicops angulatus, Chironius flavolineatus, Erythrolamprus viridis e Crotalus durissus) coletados em cinco estados brasileiros foram examinados para helmintos. Foram encontrados doze espécies de helmintos sendo: nove Nematoda (Physaloptera tupinambae, Strongyluris oscari, Paracapillaria sp., Dracunculus brasiliensis, Physaloptera liophis, Serpentirhabias sp. 1, Serpentirhabias sp. 2, Serpentirhabias sp. 3 e Aplectana sp.), um Cestoda (Semenoviella amphisbaenia), um Trematoda (Paracotyletrema sp.) e um Acantocephala (Centrorhynchus sp.). Dez novos registros de hospedeiros e sete novos registros de localidade foram relatados.

18.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467401

ABSTRACT

Abstract Estuaries are used by waterbirds as foraging, resting and nesting sites, serving also as shelter for migratory birds. The dynamics of this avifauna in an aquatic environment may be associated with the differences of time of day, tide height, temperature, wind speed and use of the site by different species. This study had the objective of evaluating behavioral aspects of aquatic birds, relating the influence of environmental variables with their activities. Bird counts were performed at the mouth of two important rivers of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during two-hour intervals throughout the day in monthly samplings between June (2015) and May (2016). A total of 44 species were recorded, ten of which were migratory. The most recorded behaviors were foraging and resting. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis indicated no significant difference in behavior between the sampling intervals. The Bray-Curtis similarity test resulted in three groups: 1) - species that foraged most of the time; 2) - species that rested most of the time; and 3) - same time in both activities. The Indicator Species Analysis showed that 17 species were associated with only one microhabitat and 15 species with more than one. The Canonical Correlation Analysis indicated that only tide height, temperature and rainfall variables were correlated with the behaviors performed and only the resting activity was positively correlated with all variables. This may be associated with thermoregulation and the ability of some species to stay in midlitoral at high tide. The results demonstrate that different waterbird species used the studied areas in different ways. Thus, the heterogeneity of microhabitats in an aquatic environment of extreme importance for the coexistence and maintenance of the diversity of waterbirds.


Resumo Estuários são utilizados por aves aquáticas como locais de forrageio, descanso e nidificação, servindo, também, como pontos de parada para aves migratórias. A dinâmica dessa avifauna em um ambiente pode estar associada a diferenças entre horários do dia, altura da maré, temperatura, velocidade do vento e uso do local. Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar aspectos comportamentais de aves aquáticas, relacionando a influência de variáveis ambientais com suas atividades. Amostragens mensais foram realizadas na foz de dois importantes rios do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre junho de 2015 e maio de 2016, em intervalos de duas horas no decorrer do dia. Um total de 44 espécies foram registradas, dez das quais foram migratórias. Os comportamentos mais observados foram forrageio e descanso. A análise de Kruskall-Wallis não indicou diferenças significativas no comportamento entre os horários de amostragem. O teste de similaridade Bray-Curtis resultou em três agrupamentos: 1) - espécies que forragearam na maior parte do tempo; 2) - espécies que descansaram na maior parte do tempo; e 3) - mesma quantidade de tempo em ambas atividades. A Análise de Espécies Indicadoras mostrou que 17 espécies estiveram associadas com apenas um microhabitat e 15 espécies com mais de um. A Análise de Correlação Canônica indicou que apenas as variáveis maré, temperatura e precipitação foram significativamente correlacionadas com os comportamentos demonstrados e apenas a atividade de descanso foi positivamente correlacionada com as todas as variáveis. Isso pode estar associado com a termorregulação e com a habilidade de algumas espécies de permanecer no mediolitoral durante a maré cheia. Os resultados demonstram que diferentes espécies de aves aquáticas utilizaram as áreas estudadas de diferentes maneiras. Assim, a heterogeneidade de microhabitats em um ambiente aquático é de extrema importância para a coexistência e a manutenção da diversidade de aves.

19.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(2): e4888, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-766978

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium hyaluronate (HY), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and HY-functionalized SWCNTs (HY-SWCNTs) on the behavior of primary osteoblasts, as well as to investigate the deposition of inorganic crystals on titanium surfaces coated with these biocomposites. Primary osteoblasts were obtained from the calvarial bones of male newborn Wistar rats (5 rats for each cell extraction). We assessed cell viability using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay and by double-staining with propidium iodide and Hoechst. We also assessed the formation of mineralized bone nodules by von Kossa staining, the mRNA expression of bone repair proteins, and the deposition of inorganic crystals on titanium surfaces coated with HY, SWCNTs, or HY-SWCNTs. The results showed that treatment with these biocomposites did not alter the viability of primary osteoblasts. Furthermore, deposition of mineralized bone nodules was significantly increased by cells treated with HY and HY-SWCNTs. This can be partly explained by an increase in the mRNA expression of type I and III collagen, osteocalcin, and bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4. Additionally, the titanium surface treated with HY-SWCNTs showed a significant increase in the deposition of inorganic crystals. Thus, our data indicate that HY, SWCNTs, and HY-SWCNTs are potentially useful for the development of new strategies for bone tissue engineering.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Calcification, Physiologic/drug effects , Hyaluronic Acid/pharmacology , Nanotubes, Carbon , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Titanium/metabolism , Apoptosis/drug effects , /metabolism , /metabolism , Cell Survival , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/pharmacology , Collagen Type I/metabolism , Collagen Type III/metabolism , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry , Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology , Primary Cell Culture , Rats, Wistar , RNA, Messenger/analysis , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission , Staining and Labeling/methods , Tissue Engineering/methods , Titanium/chemistry
20.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(12): 1109-1114, Dec. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762913

ABSTRACT

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus that may result in blindness. We evaluated the effects of activation of endogenous angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 on the early stages of DR. Rats were administered an intravenous injection of streptozotocin to induce hyperglycemia. The ACE2 activator 1-[[2-(dimethylamino) ethyl] amino]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-7-[[(4-methylphenyl) sulfonyl] oxy]-9H-xanthone 9 (XNT) was administered by daily gavage. The death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) was evaluated in histological sections, and retinal ACE2, caspase-3, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. XNT treatment increased ACE2 expression in retinas of hyperglycemic (HG) rats (control: 13.81±2.71 area%; HG: 14.29±4.30 area%; HG+XNT: 26.87±1.86 area%; P<0.05). Importantly, ACE2 activation significantly increased the RCG number in comparison with HG animals (control: 553.5±14.29; HG: 530.8±10.3 cells; HG+XNT: 575.3±16.5 cells; P<0.05). This effect was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of caspase-3 in RGC of the HG+XNT group when compared with untreated HG rats (control: 18.74±1.59; HG: 38.39±3.39 area%; HG+XNT: 27.83±2.80 area%; P<0.05). Treatment with XNT did not alter the VEGF expression in HG animals (P>0.05). Altogether, these findings indicate that activation of ACE2 reduced the death of retinal ganglion cells by apoptosis in HG rats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Hyperglycemia/complications , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Retinal Diseases/prevention & control , Secondary Prevention/methods , Administration, Oral , Apoptosis , /metabolism , Cell Proliferation/physiology , Cell Survival/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Enzyme Activation , Hyperglycemia/chemically induced , Immunohistochemistry , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Retinal Diseases/metabolism , Retinal Ganglion Cells/metabolism , Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology , Streptozocin , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Xanthones/administration & dosage
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